Debt

Egypt's debt

How much Egypt owes, to whom, and how that compares with the rest of Africa. From IMF and World Bank figures.

Egypt's debt at a glance

Government debt, % of GDP (2025)
86.8 %
Owed abroad by the government, US$ billion (2024)
106.9
Largest creditor: Bondholders, % of foreign public debt
25.5 %
Owed to China, % of foreign public debt
5.5 %

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics. Last checked 24 October 2026.

Egypt's government debt against the size of its economyGeneral government gross debt, % of GDP. From 2026 the figures are IMF projections.

View the data as a table

Period	Egypt	Middle African country
2010	69.6	32.1
2011	72.8	28.4
2012	69.9	26.4
2013	79.8	31.1
2014	80.9	36.4
2015	83.8	44.1
2016	91.6	45.9
2017	97.8	48.0
2018	87.9	49.2
2019	80.1	53.9
2020	86.2	56.7
2021	89.9	57.2
2022	88.5	59.5
2023	95.9	60.9
2024	90.9	56.8
2025	86.8	53.2
2026	84.0 (partial)	52.5 (partial)
2027	82.9 (partial)	54.2 (partial)
2028	81.4 (partial)	53.0 (partial)
2029	78.0 (partial)	53.1 (partial)
2030	75.0 (partial)	51.7 (partial)
2031	71.5 (partial)	50.7 (partial)

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook. Last checked 24 October 2026.

Bondholders is Egypt's largest creditorPublic and publicly guaranteed debt owed abroad, US$ million, 2024.

View the data as a table

Item	Detail	Value
Bondholders	25.5% · bondholders	27,308
World Bank-IBRD	11.4% · development banks and funds	12,194
Several lenders together	6.7% · other lenders	7,200
Saudi Arabia	6.1% · other governments	6,488
China	5.5% · other governments	5,907
Kuwait	5.5% · other governments	5,851
European Investment Bank	3.9% · development banks and funds	4,121
Russian Federation	3.8% · other governments	4,082
African Export-Import Bank	3.5% · other governments	3,756
United Arab Emirates	3.5% · other governments	3,710
Germany	3.5% · other governments	3,692
France	3.2% · other governments	3,383
African Development Bank	2.5% · development banks and funds	2,622
Japan	2.3% · other governments	2,449
Arab Fund for Economic & Social Development	2% · development banks and funds	2,117
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)	1.3% · development banks and funds	1,365
Islamic Development Bank	1.1% · development banks and funds	1,203
European Union	1% · development banks and funds	1,039
Africa Finance Corporation	0.9% · other governments	1,000
Arab Monetary Fund	0.9% · development banks and funds	930
Hungary	0.7% · other governments	721
United States	0.6% · other governments	669
United Kingdom	0.5% · other governments	572
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank	0.5% · other governments	536
Bahrain	0.5% · other governments	514
South Africa	0.5% · other governments	500
Italy	0.4% · other governments	434
Korea, Republic of	0.4% · other governments	427
Canada	0.3% · other governments	317
OPEC Fund for International Development	0.3% · development banks and funds	301
Hong Kong	0.3% · other governments	300
Spain	0.3% · other governments	285
Switzerland	0.3% · other governments	273
International Finance Corporation	0.2% · development banks and funds	255
International Fund for Agricultural Development	0.1% · development banks and funds	127
World Bank-IDA	0.1% · development banks and funds	101
Luxembourg	0.1% · other governments	64
Belgium	0.1% · other governments	63
Austria	0% · other governments	21
Netherlands	0% · other governments	15
Denmark	0% · other governments	12
UN-General Assembly (UNGA)	0% · other governments	4

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics. Last checked 24 October 2026.

Who Egypt owes, by type of lenderShare of public debt owed abroad, 2024.

View the data as a table

Part	Value	Share
Other governments	43.1 %	43%
Bondholders	25.5 %	26%
Development banks and funds	24.7 %	25%
Other lenders	6.7 %	7%

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics. Last checked 24 October 2026.

How Egypt's main creditors changedPublic debt owed abroad, US$ million.

View the data as a table

Period	Bondholders	World Bank-IBRD	Several lenders together	Saudi Arabia	China
2010	3,333	2,543	100	35	166
2011	2,750	2,794	100	62	170
2012	2,750	3,109	100	1,078	374
2013	5,850	3,441	0	3,101	377
2014	3,350	3,865	Not published	3,106	362
2015	4,850	4,673	0	5,012	350
2016	3,600	6,310	39	7,129	1,949
2017	9,818	7,710	56	8,082	2,352
2018	14,970	9,333	4,766	8,688	4,212
2019	22,677	10,778	5,316	8,851	4,300
2020	25,905	11,610	5,078	6,967	4,498
2021	31,457	11,750	5,398	6,794	4,612
2022	29,080	12,128	5,650	6,708	5,214
2023	29,798	12,182	5,447	6,606	6,371
2024	27,308	12,194	7,200	6,488	5,907

Source: World Bank, International Debt Statistics. Last checked 24 October 2026.

Government debt across North Africa% of GDP, latest year before IMF projections.

View the data as a table

Item	Value
Sudan	204.4
Libya	153.8
Egypt	86.8
Tunisia	81.7
Morocco	66.6
Algeria	52.1

Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook. Last checked 24 October 2026.

Where Egypt ranks in Africa

Government debt to GDP: 10th highest of 53.
Total external debt in dollars: 2nd largest of 49.
Compare Egypt's debt with its neighbours on the data wall

Method and sources

Debt to GDP is the IMF's general government gross debt, which covers domestic and foreign debt of every level of government. Debt owed abroad by the government and debt it guarantees. Excludes IMF credit and private debt that is not guaranteed. WLD is the total. Creditor names are the World Bank's. Figures checked 24 October 2026.

IMF government debt data · World Bank International Debt Statistics

Frequently asked questions

How much does Egypt owe?

Egypt government and the debt it guarantees owed $106.9 billion to foreign lenders in 2024, according to the World Bank's International Debt Statistics. Counting domestic debt too, government debt was 86.8% of GDP in 2025, according to the IMF.

Who is Egypt's largest creditor?

Bondholders, the investors who hold its foreign bonds, owed $27.3 billion in 2024, 25.5% of the government's foreign debt. Next: World Bank-IBRD (11.4%), Several lenders together (6.7%) and Saudi Arabia (6.1%).

How much does Egypt owe China?

$5.9 billion in 2024, 5.5% of public debt owed abroad, which makes China its 5th largest creditor.

What is Egypt's debt to GDP ratio?

86.8% in 2025: general government gross debt as a share of GDP, from the IMF World Economic Outlook. That is the 10th highest of 53 African countries with a figure.

Egypt's debt

Where Egypt ranks in Africa

More on Egypt

Method and sources

Frequently asked questions