Natural resources
Natural resources of Egypt
Oil, gas, minerals, forests and water in Egypt: what it produces, how it ranks in the world, who mines it and what it earns. Every figure is from an official source and is updated when the source is.
Resource rents, share of GDP (2021)
5.1 %
Resources, share of goods exports (2025)
31.6 %
Crude oil, barrels a day (2025)
504,795
Natural gas, billion cubic metres (2024)
47.5
Source: World Bank; UN Comtrade; U.S. Energy Information Administration. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Oil, gas and coal
Egypt produced about 504,795 barrels of crude oil a day in 2025. Proved oil reserves were 3.3 billion barrels in 2021. It produced 47.5 billion cubic metres of natural gas in 2024, and exported 0.9 billion. Proved gas reserves were 1.8 trillion cubic metres in 2021.
View the data as a table
| Period | Crude oil |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 636 |
| 2011 | 637 |
| 2012 | 642 |
| 2013 | 645 |
| 2014 | 645 |
| 2015 | 682 |
| 2016 | 651 |
| 2017 | 627 |
| 2018 | 639 |
| 2019 | 623 |
| 2020 | 587 |
| 2021 | 561 |
| 2022 | 568 |
| 2023 | 564 |
| 2024 | 537 |
| 2025 | 505 |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Data. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Production | Exports |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 61.3 | 15.2 |
| 2011 | 61.3 | 10.5 |
| 2012 | 60.7 | 7.6 |
| 2013 | 56.9 | 5.0 |
| 2014 | 48.8 | 0.7 |
| 2015 | 44.3 | 0.0 |
| 2016 | 42.4 | 0.0 |
| 2017 | 50.9 | 1.2 |
| 2018 | 59.9 | 2.4 |
| 2019 | 65.3 | 5.0 |
| 2020 | 60.6 | 7.3 |
| 2021 | 68.5 | 10.1 |
| 2022 | 65.1 | 9.6 |
| 2023 | 57.4 | 5.3 |
| 2024 | 47.5 | 0.9 |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Data. Last checked 24 October 2026.
| Phosphate Rock | 5,500 | thousand metric tons | 7 | 2.2 | 2 | 2,800,000 thousand metric tons |
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries 2026. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Mining and minerals
The U.S. Geological Survey records 39 mineral commodities with published production in Egypt between 2018 and 2022, from metals and gemstones to industrial minerals and fuels. The table includes processed products such as cement and steel, which USGS reports alongside raw minerals.
Showing 39 of 39
| Primary | Metals | Not published | 300 | 300 | 260 | 260 | 280 | Not published |
| Secondary | Metals | Not published | 100 | 100 | 90 | 100 | 100 | Not published |
| Copper, refinery, secondary | Metals | Not published | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | Not published |
| Ferromanganese | Metals | Not published | 13 | 12 | 6 | 9 | 6 | 2020: r |
| Ferrosilicon | Metals | Not published | 61 | 61 | 60 | 60 | 60 | Not published |
| Gold, mine, Au content | Metals | kilograms | 14,680 | 14,944 | 14,069 | 12,919 | 13,716 | Not published |
| Iron ore, mine, gross weight | Metals | Not published | 500 | 600 | 560 | 560 | 560 | 2022: e |
| Iron ore, mine, fe content | Metals | Not published | 312 | 372 | 347 | 347 | 350 | 2022: e |
| Direct-reduced iron | Metals | Not published | 5,753 | 4,426 | 4,828 | 5,355 | 6,024 | Not published |
| Pig iron | Metals | Not published | 150 | 170 | 120 | Not published | Not published | 2018: e; 2019: e; 2020: e; 2021: --; 2022: -- |
| Raw steel | Metals | Not published | 7,807 | 7,257 | 8,229 | 10,294 | 9,819 | Not published |
| Hot-rolled | Metals | Not published | 9,598 | 8,422 | 8,253 | 9,817 | 10,000 | 2021: r; 2022: e |
| Wire rod | Metals | Not published | 1,139 | 867 | 821 | 799 | 800 | 2021: r; 2022: e |
| Manganese, mine, ore, gross weight | Metals | Not published | 40 | 36 | 15 | 25 | 16 | 2020: r; 2021: r |
| Manganese, mine, ore, mn content | Metals | Not published | 13 | 12 | 5 | 8 | 5 | 2021: r |
| Barite | Industrial Minerals | metric tons | 7,500 | 7,500 | 7,500 | Not published | Not published | 2018: e; 2019: e; 2020: e; 2021: NA; 2022: NA |
| Cement, hydraulic, all types | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 52,000 | 48,700 | 44,900 | 50,000 | 45,800 | 2021: e |
| Bentonite | Industrial Minerals | metric tons | 40,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | Not published |
| Kaolin | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 230 | 230 | 230 | 230 | 231 | Not published |
| Feldspar | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 230 | 230 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 2021: r |
| Gypsum, crude | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | Not published |
| Lime | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 800 | 780 | 810 | 870 | 860 | Not published |
| Mica | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 10 | 10 | 10 | 7 | 5 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 4,100 | 4,200 | 4,200 | 4,000 | 4,100 | Not published |
| Urea | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 3,000 | 3,100 | 3,100 | 3,000 | 2,900 | Not published |
| Phosphate rock, gross weight | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 5,000 | 5,000 | 4,800 | 5,000 | 5,000 | Not published |
| P2O5 content | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 1,500 | 1,500 | 1,300 | 1,500 | 1,500 | Not published |
| Compounds, phosphoric acid, P2O5 content | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 90 | 60 | 450 | 450 | 450 | 2020: r, e; 2021: r, e; 2022: e |
| Salt | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 2,000 | 2,000 | 1,800 | 2,300 | 2,300 | 2018: r; 2019: r; 2020: r; 2021: r |
| Quartz | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | Not published |
| Unspecified | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | 600 | Not published |
| Sodium, compounds, caustic soda | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 300 | 330 | 80 | 240 | 400 | 2021: e; 2022: e |
| Sulfur, byproduct, petroleum, elemental | Industrial Minerals | Not published | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 | Not published |
| Talc and related materials, pyrophyllite, soapstone, talc | Industrial Minerals | metric tons | 25,000 | 22,000 | 20,000 | 15,000 | 20,000 | 2021: r |
| Gross | Mineral Fuels And Related Materials | million cubic meters | 61,000 | 67,400 | 61,000 | 71,000 | 66,700 | Not published |
| Dry basis | Mineral Fuels And Related Materials | million cubic meters | 58,600 | 64,900 | 58,500 | 67,800 | 64,500 | Not published |
| Crude, including condensate | Mineral Fuels And Related Materials | thousand 42-gallon barrels | 225,205 | 217,905 | 214,255 | 204,765 | 207,320 | Not published |
| Natural gas liquids | Mineral Fuels And Related Materials | thousand 42-gallon barrels | 21,170 | 20,440 | 16,060 | 17,155 | 16,060 | Not published |
| Refinery | Mineral Fuels And Related Materials | thousand 42-gallon barrels | 190,530 | 206,225 | 220,825 | 219,000 | 229,585 | Not published |
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook, country tables. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Showing 213 of 213
| Aluminum, primary and secondary | Aluminium Co. of Egypt (Egyptalum) [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 90%, and private interests, 10%] | Smelter at Nag Hammadi Qena Governorate | 320 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Al Qantara for Ferrous Metals Co. | Plant at Al Qantara, Suez Governorate | 25 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Arab Aluminium Co. S.A.E. | Plant at Ismaelia | 15 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Al Saad Aluminium Co. | Plant at Mostorod, Cairo | 10 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Canex Aluminum | Plant at CPC Industrial Zone, 6th of October City | Not published | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Egyptian Copper Works Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI)] | Plant at Alexandria | 50 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Egyptian Aluminium Products Co. (Alumisr) | 2 plants at El-Obour City Qalyubia Governorate and Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 12 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Egyptian International Co. for Aluminum Profiles S.A.E. | Plant at 3rd Industrial Zone, Giza Governorate | 14 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | General Metals Co. | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Helwan Company for NonFerrous Industries (Government 100%) | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 45 | Not published |
| Aluminum, secondary | Rasheed Performance Minerals Group (RPM) | Plant at Borg El Arab Industrial Development Zone | 100 | Not published |
| Calcium carbonate | ASCOM Carbonate and Chemical Manufacturing (Qalaa Holding, 100%) | Mine at El Minya, Upper Egypt | 500 | Not published |
| Calcium carbonate | Misr Quarries Development Co. S.A.E | Mine at Attaka Mounitain, Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Carbon, black | Alexandria Carbon Black Co. S.A.E. (Egyptian Holding Co. for the Chemical Industry, 49%; Inco-Bharat, 36%; Grasim Industries, 15%) | Plant at Amerya, Alexandria Governorate | 20 | Not published |
| Cement | Al Nahda Cement Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 50%; Insurance Fund for the Arab Contractors Co., 20%; Misr Insurance Holding Co., 20%; Misr International for Contracting and Invistment MIC, 6%; The Arab Contractors for Investment ACI, 4%] | Plant in Qena Gvernorate | 1,500 | Not published |
| Cement | Ameryah Cement Co. [Cimentos de Portugal SGPS S.A. (Cimpor)] | Plant at Burg Al Arab Alexandria Governorate | 5,500 | Not published |
| Cement | Arab Swiss Engineering Co. (ASEC) (Suez Cement Co., 68.7%) | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 3,615 | Not published |
| Cement | Arabian Cement Co. (Cementos La Union S.A.) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 5,000 | Not published |
| Cement | Assuit Cement Co. (Cemex Egypt) | Plant in Assiut Governorate | 5,700 | Not published |
| Cement | Egyptian Cement Co. S.A.E. (Holcim Ltd., 74%, and other interests, 26%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 9,500 | Not published |
| Cement | El-Arish Cement Co. (Ministry of Defense, 100%) | Plant at El Arish, North Sinai Governorate | 6,500 | Not published |
| Cement | El Sewedy Cement Co. | Plant at Attaka, Suez Governorate | 2,400 | Not published |
| Cement | Medcom Cement Co. | Plant in Asawn Governorate | 800 | Not published |
| Cement | Misr Beni Suef Cement Co. | Plant in Beni Suef Governorate | 3,100 | Not published |
| Cement | Misr Qena Cement Co. (ASEC Cement Co.) | Plant at Nasr City, Cairo Governorate | 2,000 | Not published |
| Cement | National Cement Co. (Government, 77%, and private interests, 23%) | Plant at El Tabbin, Cairo Governorate | 3,100 | Not published |
| Cement | National Cement Co. Beni Suef (Ministry of Defense, 100%) | Plant in Beni Suef Governorate | 12,000 | Not published |
| Cement | Royal El Minya Cement | Plant at Samallot, El Minya Governorate | 2,690 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Sinai Cement Co. (Vicat Group) | Plant at El Arish, North Sinai Governorate | 3,800 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Sinai White Portland Cement Co. (Aalborg Portland A/S) | Plant in North Sinai Governorate | 900 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | South Valley Cement Co. | Plant at Beni Suef Industrial Zone, Beni Suef Governorate | 1,500 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Suez Cement Co. (HeidelbergCement Group) | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 2,000 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Suez Cement Co. (HeidelbergCement Group) | Plant at Kattameya, Cairo Governorate | 1,800 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Suez Cement Co. (HeidelbergCement Group) | Plant in Suez Governorate | 3,800 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Suez Cement Co. (HeidelbergCement Group) | Plant at Torah, Cairo Governorate | 4,900 | Not published |
| Cement—Continued | Titan Cement Egypt (Titan Cement Co., 100%) | 2 plants at Alexandria and Beni Suef | 5,300 | Not published |
| Bentonite | Rasheed Performance Minerals Group (RPM) | Plant at Borg El Arab Industrial Development Zone, Alexandria Governorate | 225 | Not published |
| Kaolin | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Mine in Aswan Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Kaolin | Sinai Manganese Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Mine in South Sinai Governorate | 100 | Not published |
| Coking coal | El Nasr Coke and Chemicals Co. (Government, 100%) | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 1,400 | Not published |
| Refinery | Egyptian Copper Works Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Plant at Hagar El Nouatia Alexandria Governorate | 130 | Not published |
| Refinery | Egyptian Metal Works | Plant in Cairo Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Refinery | El Sewedy Electric Co. | Refinery at Ain Al-Sokhna Suez Province | 130 | Not published |
| Smelter | El Sewedy Electric Co. | Smelter at Ain Al-Sokhna Suez Province | 300 | Not published |
| Dolomite | Misr Quarries Development Co. S.A.E | Plant at Attaka Mountain, Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Feldspar | Mining Engineering Company (Knouz) | Mine in Aswan Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Feldspar | Misr Quarries Development Co. S.A.E | Plant at Attaka Mountain, Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Ferromanganese | Egyptian Ferroalloys Co. | Plant at Idfo, Aswan Governorate | 36 | Not published |
| Ferrosilicon | Egyptian Ferroalloys Co. | Plant at Idfo, Aswan Governorate | 65 | Not published |
| Fluorspar | Egyptian Company for Mineral Resources (ECMR) | Mine at Mueilha, Eastern Desert Red Sea Governorate | 4,500 | metric tons |
| Fluorspar | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Mine at Mueilha, Eastern Desert Red Sea Governorate | 5,000 | metric tons |
| Glass sand | ASCOM Geology and Mining (Qalaa Holding, 100%) | Plant at Minya Industrial zone El Minya Governorate | 180 | Not published |
| Glasswool | ASCOM Carbonate and Chemical Manufacturing | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 200 | Not published |
| Gold | Sukari Gold Mine Co. [Centamin plc, 50%, and Egyptian Company for Mineral Resources (ECMR), 50%] | Sukari Gold Mine, Eastern Desert Red Sea Governorate | 18,000 | kilograms |
| Gold | Hamash Misr for Gold Mines (Cypriot Matz Holdings 50%, and Egyptian Company for Mineral Resources (ECMR), 50%] | Hamash Gold Mine, Eastern Desert Red Sea Governorate | 500 | kilograms |
| Gypsum | Al-Fayrouz Co. | AL Fayrouz quarry, Ras Sadir South Sinai Province | 350 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Gypsum—Continued | ASCOM Geology and Mining (Qalaa Holding, 100%) | Mine at Ras Sedr, South Sinai Governorate | 216 | Not published |
| Gypsum—Continued | El Nasr Mining Co. (Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Quarries at Edfo, Aswan Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Gypsum—Continued | Modern Suez Gypsum Co. SAE | Mine at Wadi Gharandel, South Sinai Governorate | 2,400 | Not published |
| Gypsum—Continued | Sinai Manganese Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Mine at Ras Mala'ab, South Sinai Governorate | 400 | Not published |
| Ore | Egyptian Iron and Steel Co. (Hadisolb) (Government, 100%) | Mine at El-Gedida, El Bahariya Oasis, Giza Governorate | 1,200 | Not published |
| Oxides | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Mines in Aswan and Sinai Governorates | 150 | Not published |
| Oxides | TAS Flowrance Group | Mines at Asawn, Sinai, Western Desert | 120 | Not published |
| Direct-reduced | Al Ezz El-Dekheila Steel Co. (EZDK) (Al Ezz Steel Rebars S.A., 55%) | El-Dekheila I, II, III plants El-Dekheila, Alexandria | 5,000 | Not published |
| Direct-reduced | Ezz Rolling Mills Co. SAE | Plant in Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 1,900 | Not published |
| Direct-reduced | Egyptian Sponge Iron and Steel Co. (ESISCO) (Beshay Steel Group) | Plant in Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 2,000 | Not published |
| Direct-reduced | Suez Steel Co. (Solb Misr) | Plant in Suez Governorate | 2,000 | Not published |
| Raw | Al Ezz El-Dekheila Steel Co. (EZDK) [Al Ezz Steel Rebars S.A. (Ezz Steel), 55%] | Plant in Alexandria Governorate | 7,000 | Not published |
| Raw | Egyptian Iron and Steel Co. (Hadisolb) [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Plant in Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 600 | Not published |
| Raw | Egyptian American Steel Rolling Co. S.A.E (Beshay Steel Group) | Plant in Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 3,000 | Not published |
| Raw | IIC For Steel Plants Management Co. (Egyptian Steel Group) | Plant at Abu Saleh Center Industrial Area, Beni Suef Governorate | 300 | Not published |
| Raw | National Port Said Steel Co. (NPSS) (Egyptian Steel Group 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez | 830 | Not published |
| Raw | Suez Steel Co. (Solb Misr) | Plant at Suez Industrial Area Suez Governorate | 2,100 | Not published |
| Flat | Al Ezz El-Dekheila Steel Co. (EZDK) [Al Ezz Steel Rebars S.A. (Ezz Steel), 55%] | Plant in Alexandria Governorate | 2,300 | Not published |
| Flat | Ezz Flat Steel Co. [Al Ezz Steel Rebar S.A. (Ezz Steel), 55%] | Plant in Suez Governorate | 1,200 | Not published |
| Flat | Egyptian Iron and Steel Co. (Hadisolb) [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Plant at Helwan, Cairo Governorate | 1,000 | Not published |
| Rebar | Al Ezz Steel Rebars S.A. (Ezz Steel) | Plant at Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 4,700 | Not published |
| Rebar | AlGioshy Steel S.A.E | Plant at 6th of October City | 1,000 | Not published |
| Rebar | Delta Steel Mill Co. | Plant in Qalyubiyah Governorate | 200 | Not published |
| Rebar | Egyptian American Steel Rolling Co. S.A.E (Beshay Steel Group, 100%) | Plant at Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 1,200 | Not published |
| Rebar | Egyptian American Steel Rolling Co. S.A.E (Beshay Steel Group, 100%) | Plant at Raswa Industrial Zone Port Said Governorate | 340 | Not published |
| Rebar | Ezz Rolling Mills S.A. | Plant at 10th of Ramadan City Sharqia Governorate | 500 | Not published |
| Rebar | IIC For Steel Plants Management Co. (Egyptian Steel Group) | Plant at Amreya Industial Zone Alexandria Governorate | 280 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | IIC For Steel Plants Management Co. (Egyptian Steel Group) | Plant at Abu Saleh Center Industrial Area, Beni Suef Governorate | 530 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | International Steel Rolling Mills Co. SAE (Beshay Steel Group, 100%) | Plant at Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 700 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | Kandil Steel | Plant at Sadat City, Monufia Governorate | 1,000 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | Kouta Steel Group | Plant at Port Said | 360 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | Kouta Steel Group | Plant at Alexandria | 300 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | Misr National Steel Co. | Plant at Heliopolis, Cairo Governorate | 360 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | National Port Said Steel Co. (NPSS) (Egyptian Steel Group 100%) | Plant at Port Said | 350 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | National Port Said Steel Co. (NPSS) (Egyptian Steel Group 100%) | Plant at Industrial Zone of Suez Industrial Development Co., Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 530 | Not published |
| Rebar—Continued | Suez Steel Co. (Solb Misr) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 2,500 | Not published |
| Lime | Suez Steel Co. (Solb Misr) | Plant in Suez Governorate | 183 | Not published |
| Lime | Egyptian Sponge Iron and Steel Co. (ESISCO) (Beshay Steel Group) | Plant at Sadat City, Gharbia Governorate | 200 | Not published |
| Lime | Solvay Alexandria Sodium Carbonate S.A.E. (Salvoy S.A.) | Plant at Alexandria | 200 | Not published |
| Manganese | Sinai Manganese Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Abu Zenima Mine, South Sinai Governorate | 110 | Not published |
| Methanol | Delta Fertilizers & Chemical Industries Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Plant at Talkha, Dakhlia Governorate | 36 | Not published |
| Methanol | Egyptian Methanex Methanol Co. S.A.E [Methanex Corp. 50%; Arab Petroleum Investments Corp., 17%; Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Co. (EGAS), 12%; Egyptian Petrochemical Holding Co., 12%; Egyptian National Gas Co. (GASCO), 9%)] | Plant in Damietta Governorate | 1,300 | Not published |
| Natural gas | Badr Petroleum Co. (Bapectco) (Government, 100%) | Allam El-Shawish, Amreya, Assil and Karam, Badr 3, Neag 1, and Obaiyed Fields | 4,000 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Burullus Gas Co. (Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC) 50%; Edisson International, 25%; Royal Dutch Shell plc, 25%) | Burullus and Rosetta Fields | 3,000 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | El Wastani Petroleum Co. (WASCO) (Dana Gas PJSC 50%, and Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Co. (EGAS), 50%) | El Wastani Gas Plant, Nile Delta Damietta | 2,500 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co. S.A.E. (Gupco) [BP p.l.c., 50% and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%] | Akhen and Hapi Fields 50 kilometers from Mediterranean shore | 54 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Joint venture (BP p.l.c., 82.75%, and DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG, 17.25%) | West Nile Delta offshore fields North of Alexandria | 15,500 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Khalda Petroluem Co. SAE [Apache Oil Co., 50%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%] | Kahraman B-22 and Qasr Fields Western Desert | 5,274 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Petrobel Co. (Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC) 50%, and Eni Group, 50%) | Abu Madi, Baltim, Nidoco and Qar'a Fields | 12,000 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Pharaonic Petroleum Co. SAE (BP p.l.c., 50%, and Eni Group, 50%) | Baltim, El Temsah, Ras el Barr, and North Port Said Fields | 10,000 | million cubic meters |
| Natural gas | Rashid Petroleum Co. S.A.E [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%; Royal Dutch Shell plc, 40%; Edison Gas Holding, 10%] | Rashid Field, West Deep Marine Concession | 3,300 | million cubic meters |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Natural gas— | Shorouk Petroleum Co. SAE (Eni Group, 40%; NK Rosneft’ | Zohr Field, Shorouk Block | 20,680 | million cubic meters |
| Continued | PAO, 30%; Belayim Petroleum Co. SAE, 10%; BP p.l.c. 10%; Mubadala Petroleum, 10%) | offshore | Not published | Not published |
| Ammonia | Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co. [Private and public interests, 80.9%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 19.1%] | Abu Qir I plant at Al Tabia Alexandria Governorate | 420 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co. [Private and public interests, 80.9%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 19.1%] | Abu Qir II plant at Al Tabia Alexandria Governorate | 365 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Alexandria Fertilizer Co. (Alexfert) (Private, 80%, and Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co., 20%) | Plant at Alexandria | 730 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Delta Fertilizers and Chemicals Industries (ASMEDA) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plants at Talkha, Mansoura | 725 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Egypt Basic Industries Corp. (EBIC) [OCI N.V., 60%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 40%] | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 730 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA) (Chemical Industries Holding Co., 55.7%; public organizations, 39.2%; private investors, 5.5%) | Plant at Aswan Governorate | 438 | Not published |
| Ammonia | El Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NCIC) (Government, 100%) | Plant at Ain AL Sokhna Suez Governorate | 440 | Not published |
| Ammonia | El Nasr Fertilizers and Chemicals Co. (SEMADCO) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plant at Attaka Mountain, Suez Governorate | 132 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Helwan Fertilizers Co. (private) | Plant at Helwan Freezone Cairo Governorate | 400 | Not published |
| Ammonia | Misr Fertilizer Production Co. S.A.E. (MOPCO) [Egyptian Petrochemical Holdings Co. (ECHEM), 30.75%; Ministry of Finance, 26%; National Investment Bank, 12.82%; Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Co. (EGAS), 7.62%; Egyptian Company for Natural Gas, 5.72%; others, 17.10%] | Plant at Damietta Freezone | 876 | Not published |
| Ammonium nitrate | Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co. [Private and public interests, 80.9%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 19.1%] | Abu Qir II plant at Al Tabia Alexandria | 876 | Not published |
| Ammonium nitrate | Delta Fertilizers and Chemicals Industries (ASMEDA) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plants at Talkha, Mansoura Dakahlia Governorate | 328 | Not published |
| Ammonium nitrate | Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA) (Chemical Industries Holding Co., 56%; public organizations, 39%; private investors, 5%) | Plant at Aswan | 800 | Not published |
| Ammonium nitrate | Egyptian Fertilizers Co. (EFC) (OCI N.V., 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 325 | Not published |
| Ammonium nitrate | El Nasr Fertilizers and Chemicals Co. (SEMADCO) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plant at Attaka Mountain, Suez Governorate | 200 | Not published |
| Nitric acid | Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co. [Private and public interests, 80.9%, and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 19.1%] | Abu Qir II plant at Al Tabia Alexandria Governorate | 657 | Not published |
| Nitric acid | Delta Fertilizers and Chemicals Industries (ASMEDA) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plants at Talkha, Mansoura Dakahlia Governorate | 328 | Not published |
| Nitric acid | Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA) (Chemical Industries Holding Co., 56%; public organizations, 39%; private investors, 5%) | Plant at Aswan | 600 | Not published |
| Nitric acid | El Nasr Fertilizers and Chemicals Co. (SEMADCO) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Plant at Attaka Mountain, Suez Governorate | 193 | Not published |
| Urea | El Nasr Fertilizers and Chemicals Co. (SEMADCO) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Abu Qir I plant at Al Tabia Alexandria Governorate | 566 | Not published |
| Urea | El Nasr Fertilizers and Chemicals Co. (SEMADCO) [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI)] | Abu Qir III plant at Al Tabia Alexandria Governorate | 438 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | Alexandria Fertilizer Co. (Alexfert) (Private, 80%, and Abu Qir Fertilizer & Chemical Industries Co., 20%) | Plant at Alexandria | 720 | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | Egyptian Chemical Industries (KIMA) (Chemical Industries Holding Co., 55.7%; public organizations, 39.2%; private investors, 5.5%) | Plant at Aswan Governorate | 1,150 | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | Egptian Fertilizers Co. (EFC) (OCI N.V., 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna Suez Governorate | 1,550 | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | El Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NCIC) (Government, 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna Suez Governorate | 1,150 | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | Helwan Fertilizers Co. | Plant at Helwan Freezone Cairo Governorate | 700 | Not published |
| Urea—Continued | Misr Fertilizer Production Co. S.A.E. (MOPCO) [Egyptian Petrochemical Holdings Co. (ECHEM), 30.75%; Ministry of Finance, 26%; National Investment Bank, 12.82%; Egyptian Natural Gas Holding Co. (EGAS), 7.62%; Egyptian Company for Natural Gas, 5.72%; others, 17.10%] | Plant at Damietta Freezone Damietta Governorate | 680 | Not published |
| Perlite | The Egyptian Company for the Manufacturing of Perlite (Abu Khalil Group) | Plant at Alexandria | 10 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Belayim Petroleum Co. S.A.E. (Perobel) [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%, and Eni Group, 50%) | Belayim Field, Suez Gulf | 65,000 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co. S.A.E. (Gupco) [BP p.l.c., 50% and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%] | October Field, Suez Gulf | 45,000 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co. S.A.E. (Gupco) [BP p.l.c., 50% and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%] | Not published | 9,000 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Gulf of Suez Petroleum Co. S.A.E. (Gupco) [BP p.l.c., 50% and Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 50%] | El Morgan Field, Suez Gulf | 27,000 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Khalda Petroluem Co. (Apache Oil Co., 40%) | Kahraman B–22 and Qasr Fields Western Desert | 51,500 | Not published |
| Crude thousand | Suez Oil Co. [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC) 50%; Deminex SA, 25%; Repsol S.A., 25%] | Ras Budran Field, Suez Gulf | 15,000 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Alexandria Petroleum Co. (Government, 100%) | Refinery at El-Mex, Alexandria Governorate | 36,500 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Ameriya Petroleum Refining Co. (Government, 100%) | Refinery at Amreya Freezone Alexandria Governorate | 27,375 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Assiut Petroleum Refining Co. [Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Co. (Ganope), 100%] | Refinery in Assiut Governorate | 18,250 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Cairo Oil Refining Co. (CORC) (Government, 100%) | Refinery at Mostorod, Cairo Governorate | 51,830 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Cairo Oil Refining Co. (CORC) (Government, 100%) | Refinery in Tanta, Gharbia Governorate | 12,775 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Egyptian Refinery Co. (Arab Refinery Co., 66.6%, and Egyption General Petroleum Co. (EGPC), 34.4%) | Refinery at Mostorod, Cairo Governorate | 63,656 | Not published |
| Refined do. | El Nasr Petroleum Co. [Egyption General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 100%] | Refinery at Wadi Ferain, South Sinai Governorate | 3,103 | Not published |
| Refined do. | El Nasr Petroleum Co. [Egyption General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 100%] | Refinery in Suez Governorate | 52,195 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Middle East Oil Refinery [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 78%; Engineering for Petroleum and Processing Industry (ENPPI), 10%; Petroleum Projects and Technical Consultations Co. (Petrojet), 10%; Suez Canal Bank, 2%] | Refinery at Alexandria Amreya Freezone, Alexandria Governorate | 36,500 | Not published |
| Refined do. | Suez Petroleum Processing Co. (Government, 100%) | Refinery in Suez Governorate | 24,820 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | El-Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NICC) (Ministry of Defense, 100%) | Plant at Ain Al Sokhna, Suez | 500 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Abu Zaabal Fertilizers and Chemicals (Government, 100%) | Plant in Qalyubiyah Governorate | 1,530 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co. (private, 100%) | Plant at Kafr El Zayat | 900 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co. (private, 100%) | Plant at Assuit | 750 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Evergrow for Specialty Fertilizers Co. | Plants at Abou Rwash, Giza Governorate and Sadat City, Gharbia Governorate | 105 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Polyserve for Fertilizers and Chemicals (private, 100%) | Plant in Cairo Governorate | 320 | Not published |
| Phosphate fertilizer | Suez Company for Fertilizers Production (Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co., 99.8%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 600 | Not published |
| Phosphate rock | Al Wadi Al Gadid Company for Mineral Resources and Oil Shale (Wadico) [Ganoub El Wadi Petroleum Holding Co. (Ganope), 65%; Petrojet Co., 25%; Egyptian Mineral Resources Authority (EMRA), 5%; Nile Petroleum Co., 5%] | Mine in New Valley Governorate | 1,000 | Not published |
| Phosphate rock | Egyptian Company for Mineral Resources (ECMR) | Mine at Aswan | 500 | Not published |
| Phosphate rock | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Mines at the East and West El Sebaaya, and the Red Sea at El Quseir | 5,000 | Not published |
| Phosphate rock | Phosphate Misr Co. S.A.E. (PMC) [National Investment Bank, 50%; Egyptian Mineral Resources Co. (EMCR), 20%; Ganoub El Wadi Holding Co., 15%; Egyptian General Petroleum Corp., 15%] | Abu Tartur Mine, New Valley Mine, Red Sea Mine | 5,000 | Not published |
| Phosphoric acid | Abu Zaabal Fertilizer and Chemicals Co. (Government, 100%) | Plant at Qalyubiyah | 95 | Not published |
| Phosphoric acid | El-Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NICC) (Ministry of Defense, 100%) | Plant in the Giza Industrial Zone Giza Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Phosphoric acid | El-Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NICC) (Ministry of Defense, 100%) | Plant at Ain Al Sokhna, Suez | 1,800 | Not published |
| Perlite | The Egyptian Co. for Perlite (Abu Kahalil Group) | Plant at Alexandria | 10 | Not published |
| Rockwool | ASCOM Carbonate and Chemical Manufacturing (Qulaa Holding, 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 30 | Not published |
| Salt | El Mex Salines Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Brine at El Mex, Alexandria Governorate | 1,400 | Not published |
| Salt | El Mex Salines Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Brine in Port Said Governorate | 350 | Not published |
| Salt | El Nasr Salines Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Brine at Borg El Arab, Alexandria Governorate | 300 | Not published |
| Salt | El Nasr Salines Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Mine at Sebika, North Sinai Governorate | 2,000 | Not published |
| Quartz | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Mine at Aswan | 15 | Not published |
| Quartz | Egyptian Company for Mineral Resources (ECMR) | Mine at Branice near Marsa Alam | Not published | Not published |
| Quartz | International Group for Industrial & Agricultural Investment | Mine in Marsa Alam and South Aswan | Not published | Not published |
| Quartz | Mining Engineering Co. (Knouz) | Mine at Aswan | Not published | Not published |
| Quartz | Misr Quarried Development Co. | Mine at Attaka Mountain Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Unspecified | Egypt for Mining S.A.E (Multi Min) | Quarries in Abu Heesh Valley South Sinai Governorate | 365 | Not published |
| Unspecified | Egypt for Mining S.A.E (Multi Min) | Quarried in Homayer Valley South Sinai Governorate | 366 | Not published |
| Unspecified | Misr Quarries Development Co. S.A.E | Mine at Attaka Mounitain Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Unspecified | Sinai Manganese Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Mine in South Sinai Governorate | 500 | Not published |
| (Thousand metric tons unless otherwise specified) | Major operating companies | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| Commodity | and major equity owners | Location of main facilities | Not published | Not published |
| Unspecified—Continued | Sinai Manganese Co. [Holding Company for Chemical Industries (HCCI), 100%] | Mine at Zaafarnah, Red Sea Governorate | 120 | Not published |
| Unspecified—Continued | TAS Flowrance Group | Mines at Zaafrana, Red Sea Governorate, North Sinai and South Sinai Governorates | 300 | Not published |
| Soda ash, synthetic | Salvoy Alexandria Sodium Carbonate S.A.E. | Plant at Alexandria | 130 | Not published |
| Sodium, compounds, caustic soda | Egyptian Petrochemical Holding Co. [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 100%] | Plant at Alexandria | 120 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Abu Zaabal Fertilizers and Chemicals (Government, 100%) | Plant in Qalyubiyah Governorate | 350 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co. (Government, 100%) | Plant at Kafr El Zayat, Gharbia Governorate | 175 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co. (Government, 100%) | Plant at Assuit, Assuit Governorate | 205 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | El Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NCIC) (Government, 100%) | Plant in Alexandria Governorate | 165 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | El Nasr Company for Intermediate Chemicals (NCIC) (Government, 100%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna, Suez Governorate | 2,400 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | El-Nasr Co. for Fertilizer & Chemical Industries (SEMADCO) | Plant at Attaka, Suez Governorate | 300 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Evergrow for Specialty Fertilizers Co. | Plants at Abou Rwash, Giza Governorate and Sadat City, Gharbia Governorate | 80 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Middle East Oil Refinery [Egyptian General Petroleum Corp. (EGPC), 78%; Engineering for Petroleum and Processing Industry (ENPPI), 10%; Petroleum Projects and Technical Consultations Co. (Petrojet), 10%; Suez Canal Bank, 2%] | Plant at Alexandria Amreya Freezone | 20 | Not published |
| Sulfuric acid | Suez Company for Fertilizers Production (Egyptian Financial and Industrial Co., 99.8%, and private investors, 0.2%) | Plant at Ain Al-Sokhna | 425 | Not published |
| Talc | El Nasr Mining Co. [Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries (HCMI), 100%] | Plant at Aswan | 50 | Not published |
| Talc | Misr Quarries Development Co. S.A.E | Mine at Attaka Mounitain, Suez Governorate | Not published | Not published |
| Talc | TAS Flowrance Group | Mines at Asawn, Sinai, Western Desert | 10 | Not published |
| Titanium, ilmenite | El Nasr Mining Co. (Holding Company for Metallurgical Industries, 100%) | Mine at Abu Ghosoun, Mersa Alam | 120 | Not published |
Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Minerals Yearbook 2021, Egypt. Last checked 24 October 2026.
What natural resources earn
Natural resource rents were 5.1% of GDP in 2021, with oil the largest part. That ranks Egypt 35th of 54 African countries. See all 54.
View the data as a table
| Period | Oil | Natural gas | Minerals | Forests |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 7.4 % | 1.6 % | 0.2 % | 0.2 % |
| 2011 | 9.7 % | 1.9 % | 0.5 % | 0.2 % |
| 2012 | 8.4 % | 1.6 % | 0.5 % | 0.2 % |
| 2013 | 7.8 % | 1.5 % | 0.3 % | 0.2 % |
| 2014 | 6.8 % | 1.2 % | 0.2 % | 0.3 % |
| 2015 | 3.1 % | 0.7 % | 0.1 % | 0.2 % |
| 2016 | 2.4 % | 0.5 % | 0.2 % | 0.2 % |
| 2017 | 4.1 % | 1.0 % | 0.2 % | 0.3 % |
| 2018 | 5.5 % | 1.9 % | 0.1 % | 0.2 % |
| 2019 | 3.9 % | 1.7 % | 0.0 % | 0.2 % |
| 2020 | 1.9 % | 1.3 % | 0.0 % | 0.1 % |
| 2021 | 3.0 % | 2.0 % | 0.0 % | 0.1 % |
| 2022 | Not published | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| 2023 | Not published | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| 2024 | Not published | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| 2025 | Not published | Not published | Not published | Not published |
| 2026 | Not published | Not published | Not published | Not published |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Forest, share of land (2024)
0.0 %
Arable land, share of land (2024)
3.3 %
Renewable fresh water per person (2022)
9 m³
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Method and sources
Oil, gas and coal output and coal reserves are from the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Oil and gas proved reserves are the EIA figures republished by Our World in Data; oil is converted from cubic metres to barrels at the standard factor. World production, reserves and ranks are from the U.S. Geological Survey Mineral Commodity Summaries, ranked among the countries USGS names. The full list of commodities and the companies that mine them are from the USGS Minerals Yearbook country tables, which run a few years behind. Rents, land and water are from the World Bank, and export shares from UN Comtrade. Nothing is estimated by us. Figures last checked on 24 October 2026.
USGS country page for Egypt. EIA international energy data. World Bank resource rents.
Frequently asked questions
What natural resources does Egypt have?
Egypt's main natural resources are crude oil, natural gas and phosphate rock. Gold, diamonds and precious metals made up 14.8% of its goods exports in 2025, and all resources together 31.6%. The World Bank puts natural resource rents at 5.1% of GDP in 2021, mostly from oil. The U.S. Geological Survey also records production of primary, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, gold, iron ore and direct-reduced iron, among 23 mineral commodities.
Does Egypt produce oil?
Yes. Egypt produced about 504,795 barrels of crude oil a day in 2025, according to the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Proved oil reserves were 3.3 billion barrels in 2021.
What is Egypt's most valuable natural resource?
By export earnings, gold, diamonds and precious metals: 14.8% of goods exports in 2025, according to UN Comtrade.
How much do natural resources contribute to Egypt's economy?
Natural resource rents, the value of resources extracted minus the cost of extracting them, were 5.1% of GDP in 2021. That ranks Egypt 35th of 54 African countries.
Which companies mine in Egypt?
The U.S. Geological Survey's 2021 list of Egypt's mineral industry names 123 operating companies, including Aluminium Co. of Egypt, Al Qantara for Ferrous Metals Co., Arab Aluminium Co. S.A.E., Al Saad Aluminium Co. and Canex Aluminum. The full list is on this page.
Where does Egypt rank in world mineral production?
In 2025, Egypt ranked 7th for phosphate rock among the producers the U.S. Geological Survey lists.