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African economies
Mozambique · Economy

Mozambique economy: GDP, investment, trade and remittances

How large the Mozambique economy is and how fast it is growing, who invests in it, what it sells and buys, how much its citizens abroad send home, who it owes and what it holds in reserve. The latest published year is shown with each figure.

GDP
US$22.3 billion
current US$, 2025
Real GDP growth
-0.5%
2025
GDP per person
US$627
current US$, 2025
Exports of goods
US$7.8 billion
2025
Remittances received
US$265 million
2025, 1.2% of GDP
Foreign direct investment, net inflows
US$5.8 billion
2025, 25.8% of GDP

Mozambique economy snapshot: GDP, growth and income per person

Mozambique's GDP was US$22.3 billion in 2025, after real growth of -0.5%.

GDP

Current US dollars.

010bn20bn30bn201520172019202120232025GDP 2015: US$16.2 billionGDP 2016: US$12.1 billionGDP 2017: US$13.3 billionGDP 2018: US$15.0 billionGDP 2019: US$15.5 billionGDP 2020: US$14.2 billionGDP 2021: US$16.2 billionGDP 2022: US$18.9 billionGDP 2023: US$20.9 billionGDP 2024: US$22.8 billionGDP 2025: US$22.3 billion

Real GDP growth

Annual change, per cent. Red bars are contractions.

-3%0%3%5%8%201520172019202120232025Real GDP growth 2015: 7.4%Real GDP growth 2016: 4.7%Real GDP growth 2017: 2.6%Real GDP growth 2018: 3.5%Real GDP growth 2019: 2.3%Real GDP growth 2020: -1.2%Real GDP growth 2021: 2.4%Real GDP growth 2022: 4.4%Real GDP growth 2023: 5.5%Real GDP growth 2024: 2.1%Real GDP growth 2025: -0.5%

GDP per person

Current US dollars.

0200400600800201520172019202120232025GDP per person 2015: US$611GDP per person 2016: US$441GDP per person 2017: US$471GDP per person 2018: US$518GDP per person 2019: US$519GDP per person 2020: US$462GDP per person 2021: US$510GDP per person 2022: US$578GDP per person 2023: US$622GDP per person 2024: US$657GDP per person 2025: US$627

Source: World Bank, 2025. Method

Who invests in Mozambique and in what

Direct investment by investing country

United Arab Emirates was the largest investing country in Mozambique, at 32% of inward direct investment positions in 2024.

Inward direct investment positions in Mozambique at the end of 2024: the stock of foreign direct investment, not a year's new flow. The 10 largest investing countries.

United Arab EmiratesUS$16.6 billion31.7%
MauritiusUS$12.6 billion23.9%
IndiaUS$5.8 billion11.1%
PortugalUS$5.4 billion10.3%
NetherlandsUS$3.8 billion7.2%
South AfricaUS$3.7 billion7.0%
Tanzania, United Republic ofUS$980 million1.9%
FranceUS$655 million1.2%
AustraliaUS$512 million1.0%
United KingdomUS$494 million0.9%

Source: IMF, 2024. Method

What Mozambique sells and buys

Mineral fuels and oils was 54% of exports in 2025.

Mozambique sold the most to India, 21% of exports in 2025.

Exports by product, 2025

Tile area follows value. Each tile is a customs chapter of the Harmonized System; hover for the full name.

Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation: US$4.2 billion, 54.2%Mineral fuels and oils54%Aluminium and articles thereof: US$1.6 billion, 20.0%Aluminium20%Ores, slag and ash: US$395 million, 5.1%Ores, sla…5%Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes: US$258 million, 3.3%Tobacco3%Vegetables and certain roots and tubers: US$246 million, 3.2%Vegetables…3%Salt: US$200 million, 2.6%Salt, su…3%Fruit and nuts, edible: US$151 million, 1.9%Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits: US$131 million, 1.7%Natural, cultured pearls: US$99 million, 1.3%Fertilizers: US$45 million, 0.6%Fish and crustaceans, molluscs and other aquatic invertebrates: US$45 million, 0.6%Iron and steel: US$41 million, 0.5%All other chapters: US$396 million, 5.1%All other cha…5%

Source: UN Comtrade, 2025. Method

Top buyers, 2025

Share of Mozambique's exports.

IndiaUS$1.6 billion20.6%
South AfricaUS$984 million12.6%
United KingdomUS$650 million8.3%
ChinaUS$642 million8.2%
SingaporeUS$558 million7.2%
South KoreaUS$499 million6.4%
VietnamUS$285 million3.7%
NetherlandsUS$278 million3.6%
ThailandUS$273 million3.5%
JapanUS$244 million3.1%

Top suppliers, 2025

Share of Mozambique's imports.

South AfricaUS$2.6 billion27.7%
ChinaUS$1.5 billion15.7%
United Arab EmiratesUS$773 million8.2%
IndiaUS$618 million6.5%
OmanUS$424 million4.5%
AustraliaUS$411 million4.4%
MalaysiaUS$387 million4.1%
PortugalUS$212 million2.2%
JapanUS$207 million2.2%
United StatesUS$192 million2.0%

Source: UN Comtrade, 2025. Method

What Mozambique buys, 2025

The 8 largest product chapters in imports.

Mineral fuels and oilsUS$2.0 billion21.3%
Machinery and mechanical appliancesUS$989 million10.5%
CerealsUS$766 million8.1%
VehiclesUS$605 million6.4%
Fats and oilsUS$488 million5.2%
Electrical machinery and equipmentUS$481 million5.1%
Inorganic chemicalsUS$465 million4.9%
PlasticsUS$257 million2.7%

Source: UN Comtrade, 2025. Method

Trade balance of goods

Exports minus imports. Red bars are years when imports were larger. A year is left out when either side is not published.

-8.0bn-6.0bn-4.0bn-2.0bn0201520172019202120232025Trade balance 2015: -US$4.7 billion (exports US$3.2 billion, imports US$7.9 billion)Trade balance 2016: -US$1.9 billion (exports US$3.4 billion, imports US$5.3 billion)Trade balance 2017: -US$987 million (exports US$4.8 billion, imports US$5.7 billion)Trade balance 2018: -US$1.7 billion (exports US$6.0 billion, imports US$7.7 billion)Trade balance 2019: -US$2.9 billion (exports US$4.8 billion, imports US$7.7 billion)Trade balance 2020: -US$2.8 billion (exports US$3.7 billion, imports US$6.5 billion)Trade balance 2021: -US$3.1 billion (exports US$5.7 billion, imports US$8.8 billion)Trade balance 2022: -US$6.4 billion (exports US$8.3 billion, imports US$14.7 billion)Trade balance 2023: -US$1.8 billion (exports US$8.3 billion, imports US$10.1 billion)Trade balance 2024: -US$1.0 billion (exports US$8.2 billion, imports US$9.2 billion)Trade balance 2025: -US$1.7 billion (exports US$7.8 billion, imports US$9.4 billion)

Source: UN Comtrade, 2025. Method

Remittances against foreign direct investment in Mozambique

Foreign direct investment in Mozambique was 21.7 times remittances in 2025.

Remittances receivedForeign direct investment, net inflows
02.0bn4.0bn6.0bn201520172019202120232025Remittances 2015: US$143 millionRemittances 2016: US$93 millionRemittances 2017: US$258 millionRemittances 2018: US$418 millionRemittances 2019: US$182 millionRemittances 2020: US$162 millionRemittances 2021: US$202 millionRemittances 2022: US$166 millionRemittances 2023: US$255 millionRemittances 2024: US$267 millionRemittances 2025: US$265 millionForeign direct investment 2015: US$3.9 billionForeign direct investment 2016: US$3.1 billionForeign direct investment 2017: US$2.3 billionForeign direct investment 2018: US$1.7 billionForeign direct investment 2019: US$3.4 billionForeign direct investment 2020: US$3.2 billionForeign direct investment 2021: US$5.3 billionForeign direct investment 2022: US$3.0 billionForeign direct investment 2023: US$2.7 billionForeign direct investment 2024: US$3.5 billionForeign direct investment 2025: US$5.8 billion

Source: World Bank, 2026. Method

Remittances and investment as a share of GDP

The same two flows measured against the size of the economy.

Remittances, share of GDPForeign direct investment, share of GDP
0%10%20%30%40%201520172019202120232025Remittances 2015: 0.9%Remittances 2016: 0.8%Remittances 2017: 1.9%Remittances 2018: 2.8%Remittances 2019: 1.2%Remittances 2020: 1.1%Remittances 2021: 1.2%Remittances 2022: 0.9%Remittances 2023: 1.2%Remittances 2024: 1.2%Remittances 2025: 1.2%Foreign direct investment 2015: 23.9%Foreign direct investment 2016: 25.9%Foreign direct investment 2017: 17.5%Foreign direct investment 2018: 11.2%Foreign direct investment 2019: 21.8%Foreign direct investment 2020: 22.4%Foreign direct investment 2021: 32.8%Foreign direct investment 2022: 16.0%Foreign direct investment 2023: 12.8%Foreign direct investment 2024: 15.4%Foreign direct investment 2025: 25.8%

Source: World Bank, 2026. Method

Who Mozambique owes

External debt stock by type of creditor. Creditor types cover public and publicly guaranteed debt; the grey part is the rest of the total external debt stock. A creditor type with no published figure is not shown.

Multilateral creditors held 6% of Mozambique's external debt stock in 2024.

Public external debt owed to China was US$1.4 billion in 2024, 2% of the external debt stock.

MultilateralBilateralBondsCommercial banksRest of the totalPublic debt owed to China
020bn40bn60bn80bn20152017201920212023Multilateral 2015: US$3.7 billionBilateral 2015: US$3.3 billionCommercial banks 2015: US$2.3 billionRest of the total 2015: US$29.3 billionMultilateral 2016: US$3.8 billionBilateral 2016: US$3.4 billionBonds 2016: US$727 millionCommercial banks 2016: US$1.6 billionRest of the total 2016: US$33.9 billionMultilateral 2017: US$4.1 billionBilateral 2017: US$4.0 billionBonds 2017: US$727 millionCommercial banks 2017: US$1.7 billionRest of the total 2017: US$36.3 billionMultilateral 2018: US$4.3 billionBilateral 2018: US$4.2 billionBonds 2018: US$727 millionCommercial banks 2018: US$1.6 billionRest of the total 2018: US$40.1 billionMultilateral 2019: US$4.5 billionBilateral 2019: US$4.2 billionBonds 2019: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2019: US$1.6 billionRest of the total 2019: US$44.4 billionMultilateral 2020: US$4.7 billionBilateral 2020: US$4.3 billionBonds 2020: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2020: US$1.5 billionRest of the total 2020: US$48.8 billionMultilateral 2021: US$4.7 billionBilateral 2021: US$4.2 billionBonds 2021: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2021: US$1.5 billionRest of the total 2021: US$53.1 billionMultilateral 2022: US$4.5 billionBilateral 2022: US$4.0 billionBonds 2022: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2022: US$1.4 billionRest of the total 2022: US$55.5 billionMultilateral 2023: US$4.5 billionBilateral 2023: US$3.9 billionBonds 2023: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2023: US$783 millionRest of the total 2023: US$57.8 billionMultilateral 2024: US$4.5 billionBilateral 2024: US$3.7 billionBonds 2024: US$900 millionCommercial banks 2024: US$125 millionRest of the total 2024: US$60.6 billionPublic debt owed to China 2015: US$1.5 billionPublic debt owed to China 2016: US$1.6 billionPublic debt owed to China 2017: US$2.0 billionPublic debt owed to China 2018: US$2.1 billionPublic debt owed to China 2019: US$2.0 billionPublic debt owed to China 2020: US$2.1 billionPublic debt owed to China 2021: US$2.0 billionPublic debt owed to China 2022: US$1.8 billionPublic debt owed to China 2023: US$1.6 billionPublic debt owed to China 2024: US$1.4 billion

Source: World Bank, 2026. Method

Reserves and months of import cover

Total reserves including gold, and how many months of imports they cover.

Reserves, US$Months of imports
02.0bn4.0bn6.0bn024620152017201920212023Reserves 2015: US$2.6 billionReserves 2016: US$2.0 billionReserves 2017: US$3.4 billionReserves 2018: US$3.1 billionReserves 2019: US$3.9 billionReserves 2020: US$4.1 billionReserves 2021: US$3.8 billionReserves 2022: US$2.9 billionReserves 2023: US$3.6 billionReserves 2024: US$3.8 billionMonths of imports 2015: 2.8 monthsMonths of imports 2016: 3.0 monthsMonths of imports 2017: 4.7 monthsMonths of imports 2018: 3.1 monthsMonths of imports 2019: 4.5 monthsMonths of imports 2020: 5.3 monthsMonths of imports 2021: 4.1 monthsMonths of imports 2022: 2.0 monthsMonths of imports 2023: 3.3 monthsMonths of imports 2024: 3.4 months

Source: World Bank, 2026. Method

Aid received by Mozambique

Net official development assistance and official aid received.

01.0bn2.0bn3.0bn20152017201920212023Aid received 2015: US$1.8 billionAid received 2016: US$1.5 billionAid received 2017: US$1.8 billionAid received 2018: US$1.8 billionAid received 2019: US$1.8 billionAid received 2020: US$2.6 billionAid received 2021: US$2.3 billionAid received 2022: US$2.6 billionAid received 2023: US$2.9 billion

Source: World Bank, 2026. Method

More on Mozambique

World Bank data pages for Mozambique: GDP, GDP growth, GDP per person, remittances, foreign direct investment, reserves, months of imports, external debt, debt by creditor, aid. UN Comtrade: trade data. IMF: direct investment positions.