Government of Madagascar
199 officials listed, each linked to its source.
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, has its capital at Antananarivo and a population of 32,740,678 (World Bank, 2025). The CIA World Factbook describes its system of government as a semi-presidential republic. Président de la Refondation de la République, Chef de l'Etat Michaël Randrianirina is head of state; Premier Ministre, Chef du Gouvernement Mamitiana Rajaonarison is head of government. The most recent national election, per IFES ElectionGuide, was held on 29 May 2024. The source lists the next national election as expected in November 2028. Elections are run by the Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI). Aivo H. Andrianarivelo is listed as central bank governor. The directory below lists 2 cabinet and ministerial posts with their current holders and sources.
Madagascar National Assembly: list of Deputies
Political mix
Seats by party in each chamber of Madagascar. One dot is one seat.
National Assembly
Current (from our list)
163
National Assembly seats
- IRMAR coalition85(52.1%)
- Independents46(28.2%)
- Firaisankina21(12.9%)
- Fiovana Ivoaran'ny eny Ifotony4(2.5%)
- AVI (Firaisankina)1(0.6%)
- Groupe des Jeunes Malgaches Patriotiques1(0.6%)
- IRMA1(0.6%)
- Kôlektifa an'ny Malagasy1(0.6%)
- Madagascar Green Party1(0.6%)
- Mouvement Gasikara1(0.6%)
- No party shown1(0.6%)
Each dot is one seat. Members are placed within their party’s section, not in their real seats.
Members on the chart (163, by party)
IRMAR coalition (85)
- Razafimahatratra Daniel Jean Christian, Ambalavao
- Darkhaoui Siritis, Ambanja
- Razafindrabary Narson Seth Jean Richard, Ambatofinandrahana
- Razafimahefa Tianarivelo Edouard, Ambatolampy
- Andrianasolo Andrianiaina Jean Patrick, Ambatondrazaka
- Assimo Bruno, Ambilobe
- Rakotoarisoa Nirina Fenohery Johnny, Ambohidratrimo
- Rasoamalala Honorine, Ambohimahasoa
- Fomendraza Haingo Elisette, Ambositra
- Milavonjy Andriasy Philobert, Ambovombe
- Razafiharison Andriamanantena, Ampanihy
- Mananko Jerome, Analalava
- Befototo Angelin, Andapa
- Rakotoarimanana Patrice, Andilamena
- Pepin Michou, Ankazoabo
- Rafanoniaina Haja Rivolala Elysée Théodore, Anosibe An'Ala
- Nasira Julien, Antalaha
- Andriamananoro Razafinarivo Augustin, Antananarivo I
- Rakotomanga Lantoarivola Sedera, Antananarivo II
- Rafidimanana Désiré, Antananarivo IV
- Raholdina Ranaivo Herinantsoina, Antananarivo V
- Razanamandimbisoa Tantely, Antananarivo VI
- Razafinimaro Désiré, Antsirabe I
- Randriamanampisoa Alfred, Antsirabe II
- Sylvain Claude Emile, Antsiranana I
- Raymond, Antsiranana II
- Befeno Todimanana Aymar Hyacinthe, Antsohihy
- Ratsivahinisolo Andriniony, Atsimondrano
- Radafindranaro Andriamanga Rijaniaina Thierry, Avaradrano
- Razafindriatsara Jonhson Anatol, Befotaka
- Andriamameriarivo Déo Romelis, Bekily
- Sylvie Liva Gervais, Besalampy
- Fiarovana Lovanirina Célestin, Betafo
- Hanognona Hervé, Betioky Sud
- Ravelonasy Barthélemy Samuel, Brickaville
- Andrianambenana Velomihoatra Tsimanositra Painchard, Farafangana
- Michelle Bavy Angelica, Fenerive Est
- Randrianarisoa Bien Aimé Arsène, Fenoarivobe
- Rajoelina Andriam-Harimanana Seth, Fianarantsoa
- Sahondrarimalala Marie Michelle, Fianarantsoa
- Manantena Hajanirina Dinah, Ifanadiana
- Mong Mann Bismark, Ihosy
- Razaka Andriamihaho Barthelemy, Ihosy
- Ravoniarisoa Mariette, Ikongo
- Ralambozafy Raoto Andrianirinarivo, Isandra
- Ramananjarasoa Clarisse Eugénie, Ivohibe
- Tsikivy Adrien, Kandreho
- Rivotiana Richard Jean Bosco, Lalangina
- Mbade Jeannine Gabrielle, Maevatanana
- Andrianirina Narcis, Mahabo
- Heriniaina Tia Solofomanga, Mahajanga
- Manasoa Donat Tang, Mahanoro
- Velonjara Théophiline, Maintirano
- Raphaelien Solofoniaina Emilien Narson, Mampikony
- Andrianasolo Nadine, Manakara
- Maminirina Jolce Emilien, Manakara
- Samuel, Mananara Nord
- Randriarison Maurice Lucien, Mananjary
- Rasolomanana Beby Olivier, Mandritsara
- Fienena Richard Désiré, Manja
- Dinah Romual, Maroantsetra
- Randrianasolo Augustin, Marolambo
- Rakotondrasoa Fetra, Miarinarivo
- Ratolojanahary Arsène, Midongy Atsimo
- Fiherezavinany Mena, Morafenobe
- Rajaobelina Lova Herizo, Moramanga
- Razafimandroso Nee Razanajato Virginie, Moramanga
- Resampa Ramanohy André Hajaharimalala Organës, Morondava
- Mara Volamiranty Donna, Nosy Varika
- Imbiky Herilaza, Sainte Marie
- Mamangy Norbert, Sambava
- Tokely Justin, Sambava
- Said Zakaniaina Mahafaly Joseph, Soalala
- Naharimamy Lucien Irmah, Toamasina I
- Andrianary Thierry Didier, Toamasina II
- Roilahy, Toamasina II
- Ratsimandriona Aida Hardy, Tolagnaro
- Maharante Rakotonandrasana Jean de Dieu Benjamin, Toliara I
- Tsitara Rojers Osman, Toliara II
- Randriamalala Thony, Tsaratanana
- Randrianasolo Tojosoa Idéal, Vangaindrano
- Volamahazaka Felix Boris, Vavatenina
- Randriamanantena Stipio, Voh├®mar
- Razafinjato Aurelie Marie Augustine, Vohibato
- Bototefy Herimanantsoa Odilon, Vondrozo
Independents (46)
- Rasoanirina Marcelline, Ambalavao
- Randrianarivo Edwin, Ambato Boeny
- Rakotomalala Miarintsoa, Ambatolampy
- Rajaonary Andriantsizafy Mahenintsoa, Ambatomainty
- Mandrara Louis Fernandy, Ambilobe
- Andriamamonjy Olivier, Amboasary
- Rakotonirina Richard Joseph, Amboasary
- Andriamihaja Fanomezantsoa Yves Georges, Ambositra
- Tsaradia Marco, Ampanihy
- Rakotondramanitra Vahiny Felix, Amparafaravola
- Vololomboahangy Tsiriniaina Narindra, Amparafaravola
- Andriamanjato Liantsoa Bina, Andramasina
- Fernand Eric Sandhy, Antalaha
- Tarka Jean Michel, Antanambao Manampontsy
- Rajoelimalala Herihasina Eljo, Antanifotsy
- Goulamaly Jacques Bruno Fils, Antanimora Sud
- Andriananarivonomenjanahary Andrianasolo Joseph Oslo Sandland, Antsalova
- Ibrahim Issa Charles, Antsiranana I
- Jaozandry René, Bealanana
- Rabeharison Bernardin, Befandriana Nord
- Saory Christian, Belo sur Tsiribihina
- Ramanambita Richade Houssen Ismaël, Beloha
- Nakany Charly Zafimagnely, Beroroha
- Andriamiharivolamena Liva Zavamanitra, Fandriana
- Raby Savatsarah Ain' Harimanga Gabrielle, Farafangana
- Raminoalisoa Andriniaina Herizo, Fenerive Est
- Sambo, Iakora
- Rakotoniaina Pety, Ikalamavony
- Ramananarivo Handry Orlando, Mahajanga II
- Rakotoson Hubert, Mahanoro
- Andrianjanahary Fanomezantsoa, Manandriana
- Rakotorahalahy Modeste, Mandoto
- Razakamanana André, Mandritsara
- Marindry Rasolohery Andry Chrinssant, Marovoay
- Rakotomalala Biri Golbert, Morombe
- Arosy Namiandrazana François, Nosy Be
- Olivier Rabeamina, Port Berg├®
- Menavolo Alban, Soanierana Ivongo
- Randrianarison Rivo Setra, Soavinandriana
- Nourdine Chabani, Tolagnaro
- Rochelin Houssen, Toliara II
- Raholijaona Harson, Tsiroanomandidy
- Ranarivelo Lucien, Tsiroanomandidy
- Mahavitara Sylvestre, Vangaindrano
- Ratsiraka Sophie Soamiadana, Vatomandry
- Razafitsiala Velomanana Solomampionona, Vohipeno
Firaisankina (21)
- Razara Pierre Ravolaza Fidèle, Ambatondrazaka
- Rabenirina Maminiaina Solondraibe, Ambohidratrimo
- Razafintsihoarana Edison, Anjozorobe
- Randriamisandratra Barthélémy, Antananarivo I
- Randrianarisoa Stanislas, Antananarivo II
- Ramboarivelo Andrianantenaina Jocelyn Willy, Antananarivo III
- Ramananarivo Samoela, Antananarivo IV
- Randriamasinoro Tahiry Ny Rina, Antananarivo IV
- Ralambozafimbololona Razafitsimialona Andriantsivoafetra, Antananarivo V
- Rafidimanana Narson, Antanifotsy
- Jean Francois Michel, Antsirabe I
- Randrianantenaina Olivier Antonny José, Antsirabe II
- Raharimanarivo Voahanginiaina Berthine, Atsimondrano
- Andriamosa Benjamina Avotraina Rajaobelina Mary Thomasson, Avaradrano
- Randriatahinamalala Livasoa Moratiavina, Betafo
- Ramilison Andriamampionona Nomenjanahary, Faratsiho
- Afakandro Christian, Mahajanga
- Mamihaja Charlot, Mananjary
- Rakotoniaina Lova Andrien Marie, Miandrivazo
- Raphael Jean Francois, Sakaraha
- Randrianasoloniaiko Siteny Thierry, Toliara I
Fiovana Ivoaran'ny eny Ifotony (4)
- Razafimandimby Harijao Percy, Ankazobe
- Rakotondrabesa Pierre Aimé, Arivonimamo
- Randriamampianina Rajerison Antoine, Arivonimamo
- Bariniaina Fidy, Manjakandriana
AVI (Firaisankina) (1)
- Ralifosy Laurent
Groupe des Jeunes Malgaches Patriotiques (1)
- Randrianasolo Jean Nicolas, Betroka
IRMA (1)
- Tolia Bernard, Tsihombe
Kôlektifa an'ny Malagasy (1)
- Ratsiraka Iarovana Roland, Toamasina I
Madagascar Green Party (1)
- Radimbisolondrainy Séverin Hervet, Benenitra
Mouvement Gasikara (1)
- Rakotoharitiana Navalona Franky Aimé, Antananarivo III
No party shown (1)
- Mena Honaisiford Edwin, Mitsinjo
Seats by party (table)
| Party | Seats | Share of listed seats | Share in 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| IRMAR coalition | 85 | 52.1% | 51.5% |
| Independents | 46 | 28.2% | 30.7% |
| Firaisankina | 21 | 12.9% | 13.5% |
| Fiovana Ivoaran'ny eny Ifotony | 4 | 2.5% | 2.5% |
| AVI (Firaisankina) | 1 | 0.6% | - |
| Groupe des Jeunes Malgaches Patriotiques | 1 | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| IRMA | 1 | 0.6% | - |
| Kôlektifa an'ny Malagasy | 1 | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Madagascar Green Party | 1 | 0.6% | 0.6% |
| Mouvement Gasikara | 1 | 0.6% | - |
| No party shown | 1 | 0.6% | - |
Current: the party shown against each member on our checked list. It can differ from the election result because of defections and by-elections. 163 seats in the chamber. As of 18 October 2026.
Party counts are tallied from each deputy's own page on the Assembly site. One deputy elected in 2024 as an independent is now listed for Mouvement Gasikara, one Firaisankina member's record prints the party as AVI (Firaisankina), and one record prints the party as IRMA rather than IRMAR. One deputy's page gives a parliamentary group but no party, and one gives no constituency: both are shown as not given.
As elected, 2024
163
National Assembly seats
- IRMAR coalition84(51.5%)
- Independents50(30.7%)
- Firaisankina22(13.5%)
- Fiovana Ivoaran'ny eny Ifotony4(2.5%)
- Groupe des Jeunes Malgaches Patriotiques1(0.6%)
- Kôlektifa an'ny Malagasy1(0.6%)
- Madagascar Green Party1(0.6%)
Each dot is one seat. Members are placed within their party’s section, not in their real seats.
Seats by party (table)
| Party | Seats | Share of seats |
|---|---|---|
| IRMAR coalition | 84 | 51.5% |
| Independents | 50 | 30.7% |
| Firaisankina | 22 | 13.5% |
| Fiovana Ivoaran'ny eny Ifotony | 4 | 2.5% |
| Groupe des Jeunes Malgaches Patriotiques | 1 | 0.6% |
| Kôlektifa an'ny Malagasy | 1 | 0.6% |
| Madagascar Green Party | 1 | 0.6% |
As elected: the seats each party won at the 2024 election. It does not follow members who changed party afterwards. 163 seats in the chamber. As of 29 May 2024. Source: Wikipedia, 2024 Malagasy parliamentary election (reference source).
The Senate was suspended after the October 2025 coup. The Assembly kept sitting.
Senate
Senate suspended by the transitional government after the October 2025 coup. Checked on 15 October 2026.
Cabinet
| Portfolio | Holder | Since |
|---|---|---|
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | N'DIAYE Alice | - |
| Minister of Education | RAJAONARISON Sendra Nirina | - |
Sources: Ministère des Affaires étrangères, Madagascar (retrieved 23 Oct 2026); Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, Madagascar (retrieved 23 Oct 2026).
Other cabinet members
| Portfolio | Holder | Appointed |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister (Premier Ministre, Chef du Gouvernement) | Mamitiana Rajaonarison | 15 Mar 2026 |
| Minister in charge of the Refoundation (Ministre chargé de la Refondation) | Lobo Hanitriniaina Razafimanantsoa | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of the Armed Forces (Ministre des Forces Armées) | Maminirina Ely Razafitombo | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Justice (Garde des Sceaux, Ministre de la Justice) | Fanirisoa Ernaivo | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Interior and Decentralisation (Ministre de l'Intérieur et de la Décentralisation) | Hanitra Velonjara Tiaray Rakotonandrasana | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Economy and Finance (Ministre de l'Economie et des Finances) | Herinjatovo Aimé Ramiarison | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Public Security (Ministre de la Sécurité Publique) | Erick Michel Wouli Soumah Idrissa | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Territorial Planning and Land Services (Ministre de l'Aménagement du Territoire et des Services Fonciers) | René de Rolland Lylison | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Public Health (Ministre de la Santé Publique) | Monira Managna | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty (Ministre de l'Agriculture et de la Souveraineté Alimentaire) | Gaétan Ramindo | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Livestock (Ministre de l'Elevage) | Riana Nantenaina Randrianomenjanahary | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Industrialisation and Private Sector Development (Ministre de l'Industrialisation et du Développement du Secteur Privé) | Ny Riana Nampoina Raharimanjato | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Trade and Consumption (Ministre du Commerce et de la Consommation) | Michela Haingotiana Angèle Andriamadison | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Labour, Employment and the Civil Service (Ministre du Travail, de l'Emploi et de la Fonction Publique) | Franconio Mac Denis | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Transport and Meteorology (Ministre des Transports et de la Météorologie) | Herizo Andrianavalona Ramanambola | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Energy and Hydrocarbons (Ministre de l'Energie et des Hydrocarbures) | Radonirina Lucas Rabearimanga | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Mines (Ministre des Mines) | Carl de mon Espoir Andriamparany | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Public Works (Ministre des Travaux Publics) | Sambilason Richard Rafefimanana | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Fisheries and Blue Economy (Ministre de la Pêche et de l'Economie Bleue) | Jean Maharavo | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development (Ministre de l'Environnement et Développement Durable) | Nolave Luck Aristide Andriatsihala | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Tourism and Crafts (Ministre du Tourisme et de l'Artisanat) | Lucie Vololoniaina | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Ministre de l'Eau, de l'Assainissement et de l'Hygiène) | Minosoa Anjaratiana Elia Razafindrianiaina | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Digital Development, Posts and Telecommunications (Ministre du Développement Numérique, des Postes et des Télécommunications) | Mahefa Andriamampiadana | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Population and Solidarity (Ministre de la Population et des Solidarités) | Voahanginirina Cathia Rakotoniaina | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Youth and Sports (Ministre de la Jeunesse et des Sports) | Alain Désiré Rasambany | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister of Communication and Culture (Ministre de la Communication et de la Culture) | Ogascar Fenosoa Mandrindrarivony | 25 Mar 2026 |
| Minister Delegate for the National Gendarmerie (Ministre Délégué à la Gendarmerie Nationale) | Marima Bama | 25 Mar 2026 |
Sources: Presidency of the Refoundation of the Republic of Madagascar, Decret n. 2026-777 (CNLEGIS) (retrieved 11 Oct 2026).
List as of 11 Oct 2026.
Parliament, courts and independent offices
| Office | Holder | Since |
|---|---|---|
| Central bank governor | Aivo H. Andrianarivelo | - |
| Speaker of the National Assembly | Siteny RANDRIANASOLONIAIKO | - |
Sources: Banky Foiben'i Madagasikara (central bank) (retrieved 11 Oct 2026); Assemblée nationale de Madagascar (retrieved 23 Oct 2026).
Madagascar election dates 2026, 2027 and 2028
Next national election: Due by 2028, presidential election.
| Date | Election | Status | Turnout | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Due by 2028 | Presidential election | Due | - | - |
Sources: Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI) (retrieved 9 Oct 2026).
Recent results
| Date | Election | Status | Turnout | Winner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 May 2024 | Parliamentary election | Held | - | - |
| 2025 | Senate election | Held | - | - |
Sources: Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI) (retrieved 9 Oct 2026).
Economy at a glance
Full economy page- GDP
- US$20bn
- 2025
- GDP growth
- 3.0%
- 2025
- Remittances received
- US$616m
- 2025
- Foreign direct investment
- US$889m
- 2025
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- Election calendar and results
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- Development jobs in Madagascar
- Constitution of Madagascar
- Statistics office and surveys in Madagascar
- Exams and universities in Madagascar
- Research permits and data protection in Madagascar
- Paid polls in Madagascar: join the waiting list
- Inflation and unemployment in Madagascar
- Debt of Madagascar: debt to GDP and largest creditors
- Natural resources in Madagascar
- Madagascar and the rest of East Africa
Population of Madagascar
Madagascar had 31.4 million people in 2025, 16th largest of 53 in Africa. The IMF projects 36.1 million by 2030. African countries by population.
Population (2025)
31.4
16th largest of 53 in Africa
Population growth since 2015 (2025)
33.8 %
9th fastest-growing of 52 in Africa
Projected population 2030 (2030)
36.1
16th highest of 52 in Africa
People per sq km (2025)
54
32nd most crowded of 53 in Africa
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026 (DataMapper indicators NGDPDPC, NGDPD and LP), October 2026. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Madagascar |
|---|---|
| 2015 | 23.5 |
| 2016 | 24.2 |
| 2017 | 24.9 |
| 2018 | 25.7 |
| 2019 | 26.5 |
| 2020 | 27.3 |
| 2021 | 28.2 |
| 2022 | 29.0 |
| 2023 | 29.8 |
| 2024 | 30.6 |
| 2025 | 31.4 |
| 2026 | 32.3 (partial) |
| 2027 | 33.2 (partial) |
| 2028 | 34.1 (partial) |
| 2029 | 35.1 (partial) |
| 2030 | 36.1 (partial) |
Source: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook database, October 2026 (DataMapper indicators NGDPDPC, NGDPD and LP), October 2026. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Inflation and unemployment in Madagascar
Prices in Madagascar rose 8.1% in 2025, 15th highest of 52 in Africa. The ILO estimates unemployment at 3% (2025) and 5.3% among people aged 15 to 24. Madagascar's own survey put it at 3.2% in 2022. Inflation in Africa · Unemployment in Africa · Madagascar's economy.
Inflation (2025)
8.1 %
38th lowest of 52 in Africa
Unemployment (2025)
3.0 %
13th lowest of 53 in Africa
Youth unemployment (2025)
5.3 %
15th lowest of 53 in Africa
Unemployment, national survey (2022)
3.2 %
National survey
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Madagascar |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 9.3 |
| 2011 | 9.5 |
| 2012 | 5.7 |
| 2013 | 5.8 |
| 2014 | 6.1 |
| 2015 | 7.4 |
| 2016 | 6.0 |
| 2017 | 8.6 |
| 2018 | 8.6 |
| 2019 | 5.6 |
| 2020 | 4.2 |
| 2021 | 5.8 |
| 2022 | 8.2 |
| 2023 | 9.9 |
| 2024 | 7.6 |
| 2025 | 8.1 |
| 2026 | Not published |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | ILO modelled estimate | National survey |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| 2011 | 2.5 | Not published |
| 2012 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| 2013 | 1.0 | Not published |
| 2014 | 1.4 | Not published |
| 2015 | 1.8 | 1.8 |
| 2016 | 2.0 | Not published |
| 2017 | 2.1 | Not published |
| 2018 | 2.3 | Not published |
| 2019 | 2.5 | Not published |
| 2020 | 3.3 | Not published |
| 2021 | 3.5 | Not published |
| 2022 | 3.2 | 3.2 |
| 2023 | 3.0 | Not published |
| 2024 | 3.1 | Not published |
| 2025 | 3.0 | Not published |
| 2026 | Not published | Not published |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Life expectancy and infant mortality in Madagascar
A child born in Madagascar can expect to live 63.8 years (2024). 62 of every 1,000 children die before age five. Life expectancy in Africa, all countries ranked.
Life expectancy (2024)
63.8
36th longest of 54 in Africa
Child deaths under five (2024)
62
36th lowest of 54 in Africa
Health spending per person (2023)
17
54th highest of 54 in Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Madagascar | Middle African country |
|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 63.3 | 61.8 |
| 2015 | 63.4 | 62.3 |
| 2016 | 63.4 | 62.8 |
| 2017 | 63.4 | 63.1 |
| 2018 | 63.5 | 63.2 |
| 2019 | 63.5 | 63.3 |
| 2020 | 62.7 | 63.7 |
| 2021 | 62.5 | 62.5 |
| 2022 | 63.1 | 64.6 |
| 2023 | 63.6 | 65.6 |
| 2024 | 63.8 | 65.8 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Madagascar |
|---|---|
| 2014 | 66 |
| 2015 | 65 |
| 2016 | 65 |
| 2017 | 65 |
| 2018 | 65 |
| 2019 | 65 |
| 2020 | 65 |
| 2021 | 65 |
| 2022 | 65 |
| 2023 | 64 |
| 2024 | 62 |
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Literacy rate in Madagascar
74.7% of adults in Madagascar can read and write (2021, World Bank). Literacy rate in Africa by country · Universities and exam bodies in Madagascar.
Adult literacy (2021)
74.7 %
23rd highest of 52 in Africa
Youth literacy (2021)
82.4 %
27th highest of 53 in Africa
Education spending, % of GDP (2023)
3.1 %
31st highest of 52 in Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Human development and internet access in Madagascar
Madagascar's Human Development Index was 0.487 in 2023, 183rd of 193 countries in the world (low human development). Human Development Index in Africa · Tech and internet in Africa · Learn digital skills with SR Academy.
Human Development Index (2023)
0.49
44th highest of 54 in Africa
Internet users (2024)
18.7 %
45th highest of 54 in Africa
Mobile subscriptions (2023)
75
35th highest of 54 in Africa
Access to electricity (2024)
42.5 %
43rd highest of 54 in Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
View the data as a table
| Period | Madagascar | Middle African country |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 0.44 | 0.44 |
| 2001 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| 2002 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
| 2003 | 0.46 | 0.46 |
| 2004 | 0.47 | 0.46 |
| 2005 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
| 2006 | 0.47 | 0.47 |
| 2007 | 0.48 | 0.48 |
| 2008 | 0.49 | 0.49 |
| 2009 | 0.49 | 0.50 |
| 2010 | 0.49 | 0.50 |
| 2011 | 0.49 | 0.51 |
| 2012 | 0.50 | 0.52 |
| 2013 | 0.50 | 0.52 |
| 2014 | 0.50 | 0.52 |
| 2015 | 0.50 | 0.53 |
| 2016 | 0.50 | 0.53 |
| 2017 | 0.51 | 0.54 |
| 2018 | 0.50 | 0.54 |
| 2019 | 0.50 | 0.55 |
| 2020 | 0.48 | 0.55 |
| 2021 | 0.48 | 0.56 |
| 2022 | 0.48 | 0.57 |
| 2023 | 0.49 | 0.57 |
Source: UNDP, Human Development Report, composite indices time series. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Is Madagascar safe?
The US State Department rates Madagascar at level 2 of 4: exercise increased caution. Safest countries in Africa.
US travel advisory level (2025)
2
17th safest by advisory of 54 in Africa
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Coups, democracy and stability in Madagascar
Madagascar has had 5 successful coups, the latest on 3 October 2025, and 6 failed attempts or plots. Coups in Africa: every country.
- 3 October 2025: Coup (succeeded)
- 17 November 2010: Failed coup attempt
- 17 March 2009: Coup (succeeded)
- 18 November 2006: Failed coup attempt
- 13 May 1990: Failed coup attempt
- 24 July 1989: Failed coup attempt
- 24 January 1982: Coup plot
- 5 February 1975: Coup (succeeded)
Voice and accountability (2025)
46
19th highest of 54 in Africa
Political stability (2025)
56
27th highest of 54 in Africa
Control of corruption (2025)
27
37th highest of 54 in Africa
Source: World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators. Last checked 24 October 2026.
Madagascar's debt
Government debt was 47.7% of GDP in 2025 (IMF). The largest foreign creditor is World Bank-IDA, owed 55.6% of public debt abroad (2024). Madagascar's debt and creditors in full · Debt in Africa.
Where Madagascar ranks in Africa
Its place among the 54 African countries on each of our Africa rankings. Each tile opens the full ranking with its source.
- GDP per person51st of 53$619, 2025Richest countries in Africa
- Size of the economy30th of 53$19.5 billion, 2025Largest economies in Africa
- Population16th of 5331.4 million, 2025African countries by population
- Area22nd of 54591,896 sq kmLargest countries in Africa
- Life expectancy34th of 5463.8 years, 2024Life expectancy in Africa
- US travel advisory35th of 54Level 2, increased cautionSafest countries in Africa
- President's time in office48th longest of 51Michaël Randrianirina, 1 yearsLongest serving presidents
- President's age10th youngest of 5152 years oldYoungest presidents in Africa
Cite this
PollsAfrica (2026). Government of Madagascar. Retrieved 26 Oct 2026 from https://pollsafrica.com/countries/madagascar